Justification of the advantages of using optical and radar remote sensing data in detecting buildings damaged by natural or anthropogenic impacts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36023/ujrs.2024.11.4.277Keywords:
remote monitoring technologies, remote damage assessment, radar sensing, recoveryAbstract
The review examines the advantages and possibilities of using remote sensing data to detect and assess damaged buildings, especially in conditions of natural or anthropogenic impact, such as military operations. The main objective of the study was to substantiate the effectiveness of an integrated approach to monitoring and assessing the condition of buildings using remote sensing methods with optical and radar data, in particular in the context of war. This combination allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the objects’ condition, which turned out to be necessary for making informed decisions in crisis situations. The study emphasized the importance of rapid and accurate assessment of the condition of buildings and infrastructure, which was critical for ensuring the safety of the population. Such assessments contributed to the planning of evacuation routes, the organization of temporary housing and the coordination of restoration work. SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) technologies provide high-quality radar images regardless of the time of day and weather conditions, which is especially useful in conditions of limited access to affected areas due to hostilities or natural disasters. Optical data provide additional information about the damage and allow for a more accurate assessment of the extent of destruction.
The article also compares the methods used in various studies to assess the destruction of buildings caused by factors of anthropogenic or natural origin. It is established that for this purpose, methods are used that are based either on remote sensing data before and after the destruction (multi-temporal methods) or only on data after the destruction (mono-temporal methods). In this case, optical remote sensing data, radar data, height data (LIDAR, stereo pairs of aerial photographs or satellite data of ultra-high spatial resolution) and GIS are usually used, as well as data combination. This allowed to increase the reliability of detecting destroyed buildings and assess the extent of destruction, and to adapt remote sensing methods to various emergency scenarios.
The conclusions of the article emphasize the importance of integrating different types of data and developing machine learning methods to increase the accuracy of the analysis. Practical applications of the described methods included damage assessment after natural disasters or military operations, which allowed for effective planning of recovery efforts and ensuring the safety of citizens. Such capabilities were critically important for crisis management and ensuring the stability of infrastructure in affected regions. Integration of optical and SAR remote sensing data is a powerful tool for rapid response and long-term monitoring, providing support for public safety and recovery planning in crisis situations.
Funding: This research received no external funding.
Data Availability Statement: Not applicable.
Acknowledgments: The study was carried out as part of the research project "Development of an intelligent object recognition system for the identification of buildings damaged as a result of military operations" (Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, state registration number 0124U000220). The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Earth Observing System Data Analytics company (eosda.com) for support. We are also grateful to reviewers and editors for their valuable comments, recommendations, and attention to the work.
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